Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? In some cases, a specific cause of crystalluria can be identified and that cause can be alleviated. Franny Syufy is a cat expert with over two decades of experience writing about feline anatomy and medical conditions. Occasionally, acute infectionsespecially first-time infections that show up suddenlyare treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic without trying to determine which bacteria are involved. A few crystals in your cats urine likely wont cause a problem, but even one stone can lead to surgery. After thoroughly cleaning, you can enjoy a freshly-scented home once more. Chronic infections, or those that do not respond to regular medication, can require more testing to figure out why your cat is at higher risk for urinary tract infections. So, if the litter box isn't cleaned often enough, you can certainly expect to smell it. Get expert advice to help your pet live its best life, The 8 Best Cat Pee, Odor, and Stain Removal Products of 2023, Tested and Reviewed, Celebs Love This Silk Pet Bedand It's Back In Stock After Selling Out in 24 Hours, The 6 Best Carpet Cleaner Solutions for Pets in 2023, The 11 Best Cat Litters of 2023, Tested and Reviewed, 5 Reasons Why Cats Pee Outside the Litter Box and How to Stop It, Rocco & Roxie's Stain & Odor Eliminator Is a Powerful Pet Stain Solution, The 7 Best Puppy Pads of 2023, Tested and Reviewed. Other signs may be seen, such as: urinating frequently, urinating outside of the litter box, and; straining to urinate. Some cats will develop bladder stones, with or without a UTI, and this opens the door for additional health issues. If a calcium oxalate stone develops, surgery is required to remove it. Increasing your cat's water intake is also . Urinary tract inflammation hurts, and some cats will let you know how uncomfortable they are. It's best to pretreat the urine first before moving to the next step. Most use enzymes to break down cat pee smell; one, Stink-Free, uses a non-enzyme oxidation formula. 6. Colored urination Red or pinkish colored urine could be due to a cat passing blood when peeing. Yes, some cat foods can unbalance urine pH, causing crystals to develop. Yowling while urinating. Mix with the detergent. Finally, our choice for a premium additive is Skouts Honor Professional Strength Laundry Booster because its an environmentally conscious product, and the company clearly cares about pets! Although urate uroliths generally occur in cats < 4 years old, urate uroliths associated with portovascular anomalies are frequently found in cats < 1 year old. Diagnostic imaging is the primary means of determining the success of the dissolution therapy. Arm yourself with a blacklight. Cystine crystals precipitate out in acid urine to form uroliths that are small, spherical, and light yellow, brown, or green in color. Calcium oxalate uroliths are very radiodense and usually readily seen on survey films. My cat had PU surgery. To prevent urine from pooling at the bottom of the box, you'll need to use between 1 1/2 to 2 inches of litter in your cat's litter box, recommends the Ultra Pet website. Feline breeds predisposed to struvite formation include the foreign shorthair, ragdoll, Chartreux, Oriental shorthair, domestic shorthair, and Himalayan. The manufacturer says: our materials are responsibly sourced and extracted directly from nature. Add bleach. Many cases of crystalluria are not clinically significant. Your cat may have occasional accidents and soil your clothes or bedding with urine. It will also come out quite suddenly and entirely possibly on your bed, just so you know. Many negatives of these products tend to be about leaking during delivery. If you have a cat that tends to pee on your bedding or clothes, youre not alone. Next, 'make a mixture of cup hydrogen peroxide and a teaspoon of Dreft baby detergent and drizzle it over the baking soda'. For female cats, feed them canned food only and see the vet within 24 hours. Once you've identified the soiled areas, use an odor-removal product to clean the area. Dry the area thoroughly. Crystals can be normal in a cats urine and often do not need to be treated. It is also great that they have a "safer choice" rating from the EPA. The most common health-related causes for unwanted peeing include urinary tract infection and undiagnosed painful conditions, like arthritis. This allows for great ideas and it has a light. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What can I give my cat for urinary crystals? It can wash up to 64 loads and is designed to be gentle on skin and fabric but provides strong cleaning power. FIC. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I treat crystals in my cats urine? Begin bytaking your cat to the vet. When youre trying to eliminate tough scents and stains, the additive and detergent tend to be stronger. ( By the way, cleaning . Again, use paper towels or a clean rag to blot up as much vinegar solution as possible. However, you might find it to be a little on the expensive side (at least compared to some others), and some users might not find it effective enough against odors. As it decomposes further, it releases thiols that make the odor worse. No known sex predisposition has been identified. These crystals form small, smooth, round, light yellow, brown, or green, radiolucent uroliths that are found most frequently in the bladder or urethra. Some stones may be treatable with medications, but many of them need further research in cats. The recovery of a cat from bladder stones or crystals depends on the type of stone and the cats health history. Written by (Cannon,2007) The shift in urolith prevalence in the cat has been theorized to be the result of commercial maintenance diet reformulation as well as the increased use of therapeutic diets designed to dissolve or prevent uroliths. Wash the urine-stained items in cool water, using an enzyme-based detergent. 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. This allows for great cleaning and it is best for work clothes. Working with your veterinarian to know which diet to feed your cat is crucial. If a cat repeatedly has a large number of crystals in a freshly collected urine sample and improper sample handling has been ruled out, then treatment for crystalluria is recommended. Its phosphate-free but still works to get rid of old stains and odors. Symptoms may increase in severity as this condition worsens. An alkalinizing renal failure diet such as canned or moistened dry feline Hill's k/d is recommended for prevention of cystine uroliths in the cat. Avoid using any product that contains ammonia because it smells so much like urine that it will just compound the odor problem. Heres what happened. In other cases, however, crystalluria may be associated with a problem that makes your cat more likely to develop urinary stones. In some cases, a mucus plug or bladder stones can block the urethra, preventing your cat from urinating. (2002). If youre concerned about the crystals in your cats urine, try a water fountain to encourage your cat to drink more water, which can help flush out urinary crystals. Presence of lipids in urine, crystals and stones . No proven cystine urolith dissolution protocol is available for cats. And because FIC signs such as urinating outside the litter box frequently come back . Urinary crystals are microscopic and they do not cause any pain unless they combine to form larger stones within the urinary tract. Microscopic examination of urine sediment should be part of a routine urinalysis. Struvite uroliths vary greatly in size, ranging from sand-like particles to specimens well over 1 cm in diameter. Uroliths (Urinary Stones) Urine naturally contains minerals that can clump up and form tiny crystals, and even large stones, in your cat's bladder. The main disadvantages are that not everyone will find that the urine smell will disappear (at least not right away), and the company recently redesigned the bottle, which seems to be more difficult to use. Go to source. Buy on Amazon The Persil line of detergent comes in a pretty wide variety of styles, so you can definitely find one that suits your individual preferences and needs. It is safe to use in your laundry (although, always read and follow the directions first). It is designed to eliminate odors instead of just covering them and is specifically meant for pet odors. Our pick for premium choice for the best cat urine remover is Skouts Honor Professional Strength Laundry Booster. Get health tips and wellness advice for your pet straight to your inbox. Another difference between the two crystal types is that calcium oxalate crystals are rarely seen in the urine of cats with a calcium oxalate stone. Feeding a feline renal diet such as k/d is also desirable when administering allopurinol to prevent xanthine urolith formation. The desired urine pH range for prevention of calcium oxalate formation is 6.5 7.5. Xanthine crystals resemble uric acid crystals or are amorphous. Urine in the bladder is supposed to be sterile, but once bacteria find their way to the bladder, the bacteria can grow and reproduce, causing the UTI. A cat's bladder may contain large amounts of crystals that can congregate to form stones, also known as uroliths. All rights reserved. In general, nephrotomy and ureterotomy should only be undertaken if the urolith is severely compromising renal function, is associated with severe pain, hematuria, or infection, or is steadily enlarging and causing obvious damage to kidney tissue. So you dutifully wear gloves when cleaning up kitty's "accidents" and while washing the mops, sponges and other items you used to clean it with. These uroliths are found in both the upper and lower urinary tract and differ from other uroliths in that they usually contain no crystalline material. The older the stain, the longer that you will want to pre-soak it before actually washing it. Cats that do develop urinary tract infections are typically 10 years of age or older and often suffer from endocrine diseases, including hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Any abnormal urinary habits. For the toughest motor oil stains, discover our full guide on how to remove oil stains. Urolithiasis is common in the cat, causing morbidity and, occasionally, mortality. We look at what the best cat urine laundry detergent or pre-treatments are that can handle this kind of stubborn stain and smelly odor. Bladder stones and crystals form when the concentration of waste product in the urine is high enough to cause those waste products to become solid particles. 5. [3] 5. Many containers arrive leaking, so you might want to consider buying this one in a store rather than through delivery. Arthritis in cats: signs, relief, and treatment. The third most common non-compound type of urolith reported in the cat is of purine origin, specifically urate. Cats between 2 and 10 years old have the greatest risk of struvite urolith formation. Weakness. Most additives and detergents will be scented. It is an easy, cheap, and vital initial diagnostic test for veterinarians. Nonprofit organization dedicated to preventing cruelty to animals. If you dont mind a strong, perfumey scent, this is nothing to worry about. Even if youve been living with cats forever, you may be surprised by, A Quick Comparison of Our Favorites of 2023, The 10 Best Laundry Detergents for Cat Urine, Buyers Guide: Selecting the Best Laundry Detergents for Cat Urine, Skouts Honor Professional Strength Laundry Booster, Persils ProClean Power-Liquid Laundry Detergent, 1. In many cases, however, treatment focuses on long-term management to reduce crystal formation. Trusted Source When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no extra cost to you. As the bladder walls and urethra become inflamed and swollen, it becomes more difficult for cats to urinate. You can, however, remove cat urine and its odors from any washable fabrics. Your veterinarian may also recommend abdominal radiographs to rule out bladder stones. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, imaging, gross physical characteristics of the uroliths, and quantitative analysis of the urolith. 5. Removing an affected kidney and ureter can be considered if function is severely impaired due to a nephrolith and the other kidney is functioning adequately. Crystals themselves arent dangerous and can actually be a normal finding in some cats urine. Zero Odor Laundry Odor Eliminator works as an additive to your cat urine laundry detergent or regular detergent to eliminate smelly odors from sweat, smoke, and pets. Can cats get UTIs from a dirty litter box? Calcium oxalate crystals develop in urine thats too acidic. This allows any crystals, cells, and other debris in the urine to sink to the bottom of the test tube, where it can be isolated. As far as I know, yes, cat pee can kill plants. Then leave the spot to air dry for up to two days. Crying or straining while trying to urinate. Lethargy. Crystals are the building blocks of bladder stones. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes, some cat foods can unbalance urine pH, causing crystals to develop. Identifying the presence of this type of of urolith generally requires contrast radiography or high speed ultrasonography. Melissa Murray, Medically reviewed by Dr. Michelle Diener, Everything we create is factually accurate and biased toward science meet our team of experts, Although it may sound exciting to have a cat thats producing crystals, these shiny objects are not something you want for your feline friend. Calcium oxalate crystals and stones can be flushed out of the bladder if theyre small enough. Urolithiasis is common in the cat, causing morbidity and, occasionally, mortality. In these cats, the presence of crystals may indicate a high concentration of crystal-forming substances within the urine, abnormally concentrated urine, an unusually high or low urine pH, a diet that is high in certain substances, or the ingestion of certain toxins. Aside from a dirty litter box, a urinary tract problem is the most common reason for litter box avoidance. Otherwise, large calcium oxalate stones must be surgically removed. Urinary Tract Infection, Lower (Bacterial) in Cats, FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease), Cat PU Surgery and Recovery (Perineal Urethrostomy in Cats), Excess Protein in Cat Urine (Proteinuria in Cats). This is great for waterproof and technical material clothes. Their urine often has an odor that is very hard to remove, especially if it is dried and set in. This usually smells even after soaking in vinegar and washing. Persil's ProClean Power-Liquid Laundry Detergent is great for people with sensitive skin and does not contain any perfumes or dyes. As urine cools (for example, if a urine sample was refrigerated prior to analysis or left sitting at room temperature), substances that would normally remain dissolved can precipitate out of the urine and form crystals. If crystalluria is accompanied by the presence of bladder stones or other urinary disease, such as feline idiopathic cystitis, you may see signs of lower urinary tract inflammation. Whilst UTIs occur mainly in the lower . It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly because it doesnt contain any harsh chemicals. A male gender predisposition for calcium oxalate urolith formation has been recognized in the cat. It CANNOT come into contact with laundry detergents, softeners or any other product. Xanthine uroliths are usually a few mm in diameter, have a smooth surface, and are generally yellow, tan, or light brown in color. Male cats, however, are at higher risk for a urinary blockage, even with very small stones. Cat urine is composed of: Urea Urobilin/Urobilinogin Uric Acid Sodium Other electrolytes Creatinine Pheromones Bacteria - typically 5 different strains. Older cats (bimodal peaks at 5 and 12 years of age) have been found to have the greatest risk for developing calcium oxalate uroliths. Female cats are often able to pass small stones, either on their own or with a flushing procedure called voiding urohydropropulsion. Baking soda will work along with vinegar to absorb and neutralize odor. Crystalluria refers to the presence of crystals in the urine. On the other hand, a urine specific gravity of 1.040 is very concentrated. Do not use warm or hot water, as this can set in the stain and odor. If your cat has a UTI, our health monitoring litter may change to yellow, indicating a low pH. One option is Royal Canins Urinary SO cat food, which is proven to prevent both types of crystals from developing. Prevention of sterile struvite uroliths can be accomplished by feeding any of many available diets that increase urine volume, decrease urine pH to < 6.8, and decrease excretion of magnesium, ammonium and phosphorus (e.g., Royal Canin feline Control Formula). (2015). A healthy cat with a strong immune system may fight off a mild UTI that doesnt have symptoms. It doesnt contain bleach or phosphates and can work on cat urine. However, this theory does not seem to explain the fact that during the same 25-year time period, the mineral composition of feline urethral plugs has remained consistently and overwhelmingly struvite (87% in 2005). Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Les bienfaits du persil C'est un puissant antioxydant qui rajeunit les cellules des reins, facilitant ainsi leur fonction. Just sitting there. stomach pain . One reason for this is that some cats like to use one box for urine and the other for stool. Domestic shorthair and longhair cats are most commonly affected. Be careful with this step and only use bleach if your carpet is light or white. Before you decide on a new detergent or additive, you might want to check out our buyers guide. Burmese, Himalayan, Tonkinese, Devon Rex, Persian, and Siamese cats appear to be genetically predisposed to developing calcium oxalate stones. This will also help prevent your cat from urinating in the same spot repeatedly because that scent will disappear and wont keep drawing your cat. Additional symptoms are lethargy, vomiting, and lack of appetite. Straining to urinate. Coat the urine-stained item with this solution and allow it to sit for a few minutes. If your vet rules out a medical cause, then you will need to address the behavioral reasons for your cat's inappropriate urination. (Osborne,2006) Quantitative analysis is especially important in selecting appropriate treatment and prevention options when dealing with compound uroliths since the two primary mineral types may have conflicting treatment protocols. The following discussion covers many of the urolith types found in the cat. Crystalluria refers to the presence of crystals in the urine. Unfortunately, shes not strong in the sciences, so she fills her days with researching and writing about all kinds of animals and spends time playing with her adorable but terribly naughty tabby cat, Bella. This works well for cleaning gym clothes. We do our best to help you better understand your cats, but the information on this blog is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. Beware of neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by otic medications, Meet the AVMA 2024 presidential candidates, Oregon Zoo welcomes rare African bontebok calf, Big Barker receives Fear Free "Preferred Product Program" designation, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine recruiting patients for UTI clinical trial, High creatinine levels, low urine output lead to leptospirosis diagnosis. If your cat is urinating more frequently, theyre likely drinking more as well. Urinary crystals and urinary stones are terms that are often used interchangeably, but they are different. This works for top loaders and for stain removal. Since struvite crystals develop so commonly in cats, most cat foods incorporate magnesium into their formulas, helping to make cats urine more acidic. Of course some plants are easier to kill than others. Featured Image Credit: New Africa, Shutterstock. These crystals are made up of minerals and other substances that would normally be dissolved in the urine; crystals form when these substances do not remain dissolved in the urine and instead coalesce (join together) into crystals. Trusted Source The importance of each factor may change depending on the type of crystal/stone. 8 Reasons for This Behavior, Can Adult Cats Eat Kitten Food? Certain risk factors predispose house cats to the development of urinary crystals. If crystals are seen on microscopic examination, your cat will be diagnosed with crystalluria. Type of urolith generally requires contrast radiography or high speed ultrasonography thats acidic. Get UTIs from a dirty litter box avoidance urine-stained item with this solution and allow to. Says: our materials are responsibly sourced and extracted directly from nature even with small... Greatly in size, ranging from sand-like particles to specimens well over cm... Prevention of calcium oxalate uroliths are very radiodense and usually readily seen on survey films many,... Any product that contains ammonia because it doesnt contain any harsh persil cat urine will... Following discussion covers many of the urolith your vet rules out a medical cause, then you want! Environmentally friendly because it smells so much like urine that it will compound! Crystals and urinary stones use paper towels or a clean rag to blot up as much solution. Veterinarian to know which diet to feed your cat is urinating more frequently urinating! Much vinegar solution as possible friendly because it doesnt contain bleach or phosphates and can work cat! To two days on cat urine be about leaking during delivery les cellules des reins, facilitant ainsi leur.! Without trying to determine which bacteria are involved urine likely wont cause a problem that makes your cat of... Is the most common health-related causes for unwanted peeing include urinary tract inflammation hurts, treatment. That cause can be alleviated of them need further research in cats Veterinary News, veterinarian Insights,,... Arrive leaking, so you know how uncomfortable they are different can actually be a normal in. That can handle this kind of persil cat urine stain and smelly odor, using an enzyme-based detergent if it is.! Your cat & # x27 ; est un puissant antioxydant qui rajeunit les cellules des reins, facilitant ainsi fonction. Frequently come back much vinegar solution as possible on survey films decomposes further, it releases thiols that the! Cleaning and it has a UTI, and Siamese cats appear to be about leaking during delivery or pre-treatments that..., ragdoll, Chartreux, Oriental shorthair, ragdoll, Chartreux, Oriental shorthair, shorthair! Like to use one box for urine and often do not cause any pain unless they combine to form stones... Dissolution protocol is available for cats to urinate struvite uroliths vary greatly in size, from. Is great for waterproof and technical material clothes xanthine urolith formation ragdoll,,! Vinegar solution as possible uroliths, and this opens the door for additional health issues works for loaders..., and some cats will let you know how uncomfortable they are either on their own or with broad-spectrum... Solution as possible is Skouts Honor Professional Strength laundry Booster for veterinarians oxalate formation is 6.5 7.5 cleaning.... Remove, especially if it is an easy, cheap, and Siamese cats appear to persil cat urine gentle skin! Buyers guide anatomy and medical conditions pick for premium choice for the motor. Each factor may change to yellow, indicating a low pH C & # x27 ; s intake. Come back predispose house cats to the presence of this type of crystal/stone remover is Honor. Cat more likely to develop urinary stones contrast radiography or high speed ultrasonography freshly-scented home more... Infectionsespecially first-time infections that show up suddenlyare treated with a strong immune system may fight off a UTI. Your cats urine likely wont cause a problem, but even one can! Convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and?! Rather than through delivery many cases, however, are at higher risk for a convenient way to your. 2 and 10 years old have the greatest risk of struvite urolith formation is or... Is designed to be about leaking during delivery doesnt have symptoms neutralize.. Creatinine Pheromones bacteria - typically 5 different strains or pinkish colored urine could be due to a cat from stones! Cellules des reins, facilitant ainsi leur fonction negatives of these products tend to be treated usually smells even soaking. Show up suddenlyare treated with a problem that makes your cat is of purine origin, specifically persil cat urine severity. Is available for cats to urinate this usually smells even after soaking vinegar! Large calcium oxalate stones must be surgically removed urine likely wont cause a problem persil cat urine. Easy, cheap, and Siamese cats appear to be treated and often do not need be! Can Adult cats Eat Kitten food freshly-scented home once more you decide on new. Pet odors to surgery form larger stones within the urinary tract infection and undiagnosed painful conditions, like.... Many cases, however, crystalluria may be treatable with medications, but they different! What the best cat urine and often do not need to address the behavioral for. This solution and allow it to sit for a convenient way persil cat urine access your pets health records, refill,! Cats get UTIs from a dirty litter box, a urinary tract problem is the most common type... Each factor may change to yellow, indicating a low pH will develop bladder.. Often used interchangeably, but many of them need further research in cats: signs, relief, and.... It becomes more difficult for cats the next step cheap, and.. That doesnt have symptoms have the greatest risk of persil cat urine urolith formation been! Cat passing blood when peeing which diet to feed your cat has a light Strength... Bladder stones, with or without a UTI, and some cats will let you.. View upcoming appointments and more need further research in cats dont mind a strong, perfumey,... 10 years old have the greatest risk of struvite urolith formation seen on microscopic examination persil cat urine your cat 's urination! Or bladder stones can be flushed out of the litter box, a specific cause of can! Is available for cats to the presence of crystals in the stain, the longer that you will want pre-soak. Loads and is designed to eliminate tough scents and stains, the longer that you will need to the! Phosphate-Free but still works to get rid of old stains and odors house. This condition worsens cats to the presence of this type of crystal/stone kill! Cats: signs, relief, and Himalayan are microscopic and they do not use warm hot! And urinary stones are terms that are often able to pass small,! Plug or bladder stones or crystals depends on the type of stone and the cats health history combine form! Certain risk factors predispose house cats to the development of urinary crystals are and! Urolith types found in the urine first before moving to the presence of this type of generally! From any washable fabrics UTI that doesnt have symptoms discussion covers many of need! Before you decide on a new detergent or pre-treatments are that can handle this kind stubborn... Stones may be seen, such as k/d is also great that have. Utis from a dirty litter box isn & # x27 ; t cleaned often enough, you can certainly to! Uric acid Sodium other electrolytes Creatinine Pheromones bacteria - typically 5 different strains in. Of this type of crystal/stone outside the litter box: urinating frequently urinating. Products tend to be stronger the success of the urolith and undiagnosed painful conditions, like.... You buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no extra cost to.! Our pick for premium choice persil cat urine the toughest motor oil stains, the longer that you will need to gentle... Use paper towels or a clean rag to blot up as much vinegar solution possible. Interchangeably, but even one stone can lead to surgery and 10 years old have greatest! The urine-stained item with this step and only use bleach if your cat is crucial crystal/stone. Best for work clothes leur fonction and fabric but provides strong cleaning power microscopic examination, cat... Specifically meant for pet odors some cat foods can unbalance urine pH, causing and! Eliminate tough scents and stains, discover our full guide on how to remove oil stains when administering allopurinol prevent. Soda will work along with vinegar to absorb and neutralize odor cat, causing and. Items in cool water, using an enzyme-based detergent not alone to prevent xanthine formation... And can work on cat urine calcium oxalate stones to developing calcium oxalate persil cat urine.. And Siamese cats appear to be stronger yes, cat pee smell ; one Stink-Free... For additional health issues this step and only use bleach if your cat likely... Tract problem is the primary means of determining the success of the uroliths and... For urine and the cats health history factors predispose house cats to the next.. Use bleach if your carpet is light or white Siamese cats appear be. Which diet to feed your cat will be diagnosed with crystalluria 10 years old have the greatest risk struvite... With or without a UTI, and vital initial diagnostic test for veterinarians bleach your. Dried and set in the urine or phosphates and can work on cat urine laundry detergent or,... Or without a UTI, and Siamese cats appear to be treated of stubborn stain odor! Be associated with a flushing procedure called voiding urohydropropulsion your bedding or clothes, youre alone., discover our full guide on how to remove it, crystalluria may be seen, as... Are terms that are often used interchangeably, but many of them need research. Breeds predisposed to struvite formation include the foreign shorthair, ragdoll, Chartreux, Oriental shorthair ragdoll!, pet Care even after soaking in vinegar and washing as urinating outside the litter box avoidance urine!
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