Researchers should also contact the Marine Corps Archives & Special Collections at, Marine Corps Archives and Special Collections
A few years after the dedication, the issue of geographic criteria was expanded by DoD to include people who had been killed outside of the war zone while on or in support of direct combat missions. for records of U.S. Army casualties documenting the period 1961-1981. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Through the years, the memorial has matured and developed into a unique place of tranquility and honor. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared these Vietnam War casualty lists by creating extracts from the military casualty data files in the Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Record Group 330). The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial bombing and ground fighting. EIN: 52-1149668, Copyright 2023 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, Look up the name in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Whether they produced battlefield images of the dead or daguerreotype portraits of common soldiers, []. This is the genius of Mayas design, said Scruggs. We worked very hard with volunteers from the Gold Star Mothers, recalled Doubek. But you had stories of guys in the Air Force who would die in their aircraft over Thailand after having been shot over Vietnam. Technically, they were ineligible for inclusion on the Wall. Not far away in another grove of eight trees is a sculpture of three servicewomen caring for a wounded soldier - the Vietnam Women's Memorial. Lewy reduced the number of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) battle deaths claimed by the U.S. by 30 percent (in accordance with the opinion of United States Department of Defense officials), and assumed that one third of the reported battle deaths of the PAVN/VC may have actually been civilians. [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, the PAVN suffered over 100,000 casualties during the 1972 Easter Offensive, including 40,000 killed. Another challenge was ensuring the accuracy of the names. While VVMF finances the name additions to the Wall, it is the Department of Defense that makes these difficult and often technical decisions. No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. Jerry on July 24, 1966 and Joseph on May 14, 1967 Brothers John and David Banks were both killed in Vietnam. At the time, approximately 1,300 names were designated as servicemen who were either missing or prisoners of war. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. W denotes the west wall, and E denotes the east wall. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. The decades-long Wall of Faces project, meant to humanize the names on the iconic Vietnam War memorial, is now complete. They seem honored to be putting the names on the Wall.. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they were taken from us. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. Thus, there were 211,455 killed and wounded, or one in every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. These were caused by assassinations, massacres, terror tactics, artillery, extensive aerial bombing, and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. In addition to more photos, the VVMF invites the public to share stories and memories on the online memorial to add to the legacy of fallen service members. A diamond symbol signifies that the service members death was confirmed. Two people were killed and four others were wounded after gunfire erupted at Chickasaw Park in Louisville on Saturday night, authorities said. [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. Your donation to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund will help expand our mission to honor, educate and heal. Salois was the first soldier from their unit to call the Klugs. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. Legacy of Hamburger . Vietnam War, 1961-1975. Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. Although the names are not listed alphabetically, it is not difficult for visitors to find a name on the Memorial. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Eight Women's Names Are Among the Thousands on the Vietnam Memorial Wall. If a person died or went missing in those areas, DoD considered that individual to be a combat zone casualty and eligible for inclusion on the Wall. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Step 7: Open bank account: Financial backers need to open two sorts of ledgers, to be specific the speculation capital record to get the venture sum and the exchange represent going through with . [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. The earliest casualties are named on line 1 of panel 1 East, at the center of the Wall. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. Lt.Sharon Lane, Capt. The West Wall May 25, 1968 to May 15, 1975. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. OR To shorten the name list, enter 2 or more letters of any part of a name in the box below. Accurate assessments of PAVN/VC losses, he wrote, were 'largely impossible due to lack of disclosure by the Vietnamese government, terrain, destruction of remains by firepower, and [inability] to confirm artillery and aerial kills.' Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. As she wisely predicted, this would help bring the veterans back in timeand a cathartic healing would occur for many by facing this loss again.. The last 18 names listed on the bottom of Panel 1, West, also at the apex, are from May 15, 1975. In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. He tried to make the best call he could when adding names to the list. [69], There has been considerable controversy about the exact numbers of deaths inflicted on the Communist side by U.S. and allied South Vietnamese forces. As a result, the software improperly truncated or abbreviated names. In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial provides a searchable database of names included on the Memorial, as well as lists of casualties. In order to have your name on the Wall, you had to have died within the war zone, explained Doubek. Researcher Seeks Help Finding Last Photos for Vietnam Wall of Faces Memorial, This Non-Profit Organization Works to Recover WWII MIAs Still Missing, Epitaph for a Hero: The Search for a WWII MIA Pilot, https://www.historynet.com/the-wall-of-faces-complete-vietnam-war/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, Made in America: The M3 Tank Was Better Suited for the Pacific Theater, This Soviet Bomber was designed in a prison camp. I asked if he wanted to see his picture, Reckinger said. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared theseVietnam War casualty lists by creating extracts from the military casualty data files in the Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Record Group 330). Unfortunately, the Department of Defense and the individual service branches maintained separate casualty lists with slightly differing criteria. [102] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or suffer health problems due to Agent Orange exposure. American soldiers of the 173th airborne are evacuated by helicopter from a Vietcong position 11 December 1965. [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. Genealogy of the descendants of John Walker of Wigton, Scotland, Genealogy of John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough, Massachusetts, Ezekiel Cheever and some of his Descendants, Early Records and Notes of the Brown Family, Somerville High School Yearbooks 1892-2016. The first group, added in 1983, included 53 Marines who were killed when their R&R (rest and relaxation) flight crashed in Hong Kong. According to VVMF president and CEO Jim Knotts, the quest for photos was intended to ensure that visitors to The Wall understand that behind each name is a face a person with a story of a family and friends who were forever changed by their loss.. Once additions are approved by DoD, VVMF receives the list of approved names, coordinates the inscribing and absorbs the costs. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. Beside each name is a symbol that denotes a service members status: either missing or confirmed dead. CASUALTIES BY AGE-ENLISTED The gun had been randomly lobbing in rounds for over a week and was hidden in an abandoned FSB nearby.Two of our six 105mm howitzer crews took direct hits during a night mortar attack. Note the panel and line number for the name listed. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. On the west wall, the symbol precedes the name; on the east wall, the symbol follows the name. If youre looking to see where better photos are needed, you can do a search online through the Wall of Faces. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. 1972 FamilySearch Research Wiki Articles United States, National Archives, Military Records, 1885-2004 Lins intention from the beginning was to have the names appear chronologically, beginning and ending at the apex. 31, 1973 See image 154; Register of Vietnam War casualties from Kentucky; Directory of United States prisoners of war and missing in action as a result of the Vietnam War Kinston, North Carolina : Last Firebase Veterans Archive Project . [73][74], Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. Home of record does not necessarily refer to the place of birth, residence of next of kin, place of longest residence, or other common uses of the term hometown.. Locate the corresponding panel at the Memorial. Some have tried for years before receiving approval from DoD. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. To learn about us and how you can help maintain this site. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. Vietnam War, (1954-75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Her book Bernard Montgomerys Art of War won a Silver Medal from the Military Writers Society of America. [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. newsletter for the best of the past, delivered every Monday and Thursday. The National Archives has custody of U.S. Marine Corps command chronologies during the Vietnam era and some other records for Vietnam. In an effort to further preserve the legacy of those who sacrificed all in Vietnam, VVMF is committed to finding a photo to go with each of the more than 58,000 names on The Wall. The panel numbers are inscribed at the bottom of each panel. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. She wanted the names to tell the journey, or the timeline, of the war. The decades-long Wall of Faces project, meant to humanize the names on the iconic Vietnam War memorial, is now complete. He did so after a chance encounter at a VVMF event that brings a smaller replica of The Wall to communities across America. I respect the process, but it can be hard to prove something thats in your heart., Thats what makes it so special when you see the name going up, she added. Vietnam War, Awards and Decorations of Honor, 1965-1972. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. I am proud of my work with this project and will never forget this time in my life.. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. 805 Kidder Breese Street, SE
Names can also be located on The Wall of Faces on VVMFs web site, www.vvmf.org/wall-of-faces, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund | 3033 Wilson Blvd, Suite 300 | Arlington VA 22201 | 202.393.0090 I was able to obtain a high school photo and then a military photo and provide it not only to the Wall of Faces but to the family as well.. . His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' With this list in hand, he went to the various locations where individual service records were kept to review files. The numbers of lives that have been touched by this memorial go . The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The west wall is on the left when standing facing the vertex, and the east wall is to the right. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. We are still looking for better-quality photos for several thousand of the men, Hoehn told Vietnam magazine. [62], According to American writer Joseph Babcock, the Vietnamese government estimated 300,000 PAVN/VC missing-in-action (MIA) in 2019, but that the real number of MIA is widely believed to be closer to 500,000 people, whose bodies were either never found or buried anonymously and never identified. Although the Wall of Faces now has a photo for each name, the VVMF continues to search for additional, higher-quality images and stories. The National Archives has custody of U.S. Navy deck logs and U.S. Navy muster rolls/personnel diaries for the Vietnam conflict. Search by SSN, name, date of casualty, etc. U.S. military advisers, present in small numbers throughout the 1950s, were introduced on a large scale beginning in 1961, and active combat units were introduced in 1965. Other volunteers who played a key role include Andrew Johnson, a Wisconsin newspaper publisher; David Hine, who first discovered the effort from a VVMF newsletter; and Herb Reckinger, who began searching for Minnesotans on the Wall in 2014 and expanded to other states. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. You can scroll down to see the names of casualties listed under their official city. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they were taken from us. With the glitch discovered, Doubek and his team located and hand-corrected each error. [8], Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 300,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam for a total of 405,000 killed. A white man in his 80s is the individual who apparently shot and seriously wounded Ralph Yarl, a Black teen, on April 13 in Kansas City, Missouri, according to a CNN review of property records . There is now a face for every name inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., thanks to volunteer researchers. The personnel diaries include lists of officers in addition to the enlisted personnel. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. The USSR built more than 11,000 of these airplanes. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . Congress is now considering doing something it hasnt done since the Vietnam War repealing authorizations for the use of military force, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Why the debate over repealing Iraq War approval matters. The nation's latest mass shooting happened in Dadeville, Alabama . The names on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, better known as the Wall, will no longer stand alone. Reports of casualties vary, but during the 10 days of intense fighting, an estimated 630 North Vietnamese were killed. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. We were tickled to death," Raymond Klug told Milkovits. Several hundred such designation changes have been made since the Wall was built in 1982. Volunteer researcher Janna Hoehn, interviewed by Vietnam magazine in March, spearheaded the effort to collect the last 18 names needed to complete the Wall of Faces earlier this year. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. 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