Twelve hours later, a second quake, which was nearly as large, struck 130km (80 miles) to the north. Reports claim that the ground split in the middle, swallowing the village. A colonnaded street led up to the citadel hill from the west, where the south area of Aleppo still retains the Hellenistic grid street plan. During the Crusades, when the invaders pillaged the surrounding countryside, the citys chief judge converted Saint Helenas cathedral into a mosque. The earthquake was the beginning of the first of two intense sequences of earthquakes in the region: October 1138 to June 1139 and a much more intense and a later series from September 1156 to May 1159. February 28, 2010: 6:29 PM ET NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- The massive earthquake that struck Chile this weekend did between $15 billion and $30 billion in damage to the South American nation's. It still stands, but has many cracks. Riding The Subway? A cathedral that was built in Roman times under the auspices of Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great is regarded as the burial place of John the Baptists father. They remain embroiled in conflict. It is one of six Syrian World Heritage sites added to UNESCOs List of World Heritage in Danger in 2013. Additional disruptions come from the westward movement of the area as a whole under pressure from the Arabian Tectonic Plate. Its name was taken from the city of Aleppo, in northern Syria, where the most casualties were sustained. Aleppo, Arabic alab, Turkish Halep, principal city of northern Syria. The country's government published a Preliminary Damage and Needs Assessment (PDNA) on 24 March. Corrections? All rights reserved. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? [20] As a result of this contemporary usage, the Citadel has received significant damage. There are many structural remains inside the citadel. There were several small aftershocks and, twenty years later, another very strong earthquake. For Aleppo, the war was a long and brutal siege. Subsequently, it became a religious school. The East Anatolian Fault line passes through Aleppo and, as it moves, it gives rise to a series of earthquakes over time. A modern amphitheater was constructed on a section of an unexcavated surface of the citadel in 1980 to hold events and concerts. The opposition holds a last, small enclave in the northwest, centered on Idlib province and parts of Aleppo province, which was also devastated by Mondays quake. The Citadel was still used as a barracks for Ottoman soldiers, although it is not known exactly how many were stationed there. Since then, he has been living with his two wives, 11 children and 70-year-old mother in Jenderis, an opposition-held town in Aleppo province. For years, the people of Aleppo bore the brunt of bombardment and fighting when their city, once Syrias largest and most cosmopolitan, was among the civil wars fiercest battle zones. What are the names of the third leaders called? [9] In some areas of the citadel there are up to two meters of remains of Hellenistic settlement. I dont know what the earthquake did to us exactly. Also, new systems for the administration of buildings were implemented. In addition to his many works in both Aleppo and Damascus, Nur ad-Din rebuilt the Aleppo city walls and fortified the citadel. A video published on social media, and verified by the BBC, showed a building in Aleppo crashing to the ground as onlookers rushed to safety. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Do you think that America is destroyed? The railway and highway bridges collapsed so that the city was isolated from the external world. [17], In August 2012, during the Battle of Aleppo of the Syrian Civil War, the external gate of the citadel was damaged after being shelled during a clash between the Free Syrian Army and the Syrian Army to gain control over the citadel. And while war may be senseless, those in it often have a cause they are sacrificing for and wrest some meaning out of the death and destruction. The Citadel of Aleppo ( Arabic: , romanized : Qalat alab) is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria. The mihrab disappeared during the French Mandate. What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? "The Commission rejects allegations that it had closed its eyes to misuse of EU funds," it said. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. [1] During the 2010s, the Citadel received significant damage during the lengthy Battle of Aleppo. Rob Delaney attempts to get Shaun to visit his birthplace. A European Parliament rapporteur, Soren Bo Sondergaard, found allegations that some money went to contractors with links to organised crime. Other reports claim that Azrab, which is north of Aleppo, experienced the worst of the damage. Notable sites include: The enormous stone bridge constructed by Sultan Ghazi over the moat led to an imposing bent entrance complex. Would-be assailants to the castle would have to take over six turns up a vaulted entrance ramp, over which were machicolations for pouring hot liquids on attackers from the mezzanine above. This was most likely the result of a landslide from the earthquake. The two countries are still technically at war and don't currently have any diplomatic relations. Some of these were so traumatic that they found their way into myth and theology of ancient peoples such as the quake occurring during the Crucifixion of Christ,[11] or the 1500 BCE event which destroyed the city of Jericho and subsequently saw it abandoned. For many, the earthquake was a new sort of terror a shock even after what they endured during the war. First, the relationship between deaths and damage costs has changed over time. For the next years, Russian-backed government forces battled to uproot them. . Even that didnt prepare them for the new devastation and terror wreaked by this weeks earthquake. The final Mamluk sultan, al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, replaced the flat ceiling of the Throne Hall with nine domes. Of that, about $2.3. [4] The citadel was damaged by the 2023 TurkeySyria earthquake. An escalation in fighting across northern Syria illustrates the fragility of the situation in the war-torn region, a senior UN humanitarian official said on Thursday, urging sustained international efforts to protect millions trapped there, from devastation.. [11], After the Romans deposed the Seleucid dynasty in 64 BC, the citadel hill continued to have religious significance. Even that. Now, before and after photos show progress in rebuilding its war-torn sites. ", But on the subject of whether funds were misused, Mr Cialente said: "I am inclined to exclude the possibility. The earthquakes epicenter is 80 miles east of Sendai, Honshu, in the northeastern part of the island nation, and 230 miles northeast of Tokyo, which is centrally located along the islands eastern shore. Opposition fighters and supporters were evacuated, and government control imposed over the entire city. Emergency rescue teams said many buildings were damaged or destroyed and that people were trapped under the rubble. Today the city is a large, modern, urban center of two to three million people, the second biggest city of Syria next to Damascus. By. Entire neighbourhoods and vital infrastructure, including hospitals, across Syria were already in ruins as a result of the fighting before the earthquake struck. Some people are sleeping in their cars, said Imad al-Khal, the secretary-general of Christian denominations in Aleppo, who was helping organize shelters. More than 1,600 people have been reported dead so far in northern Syria following the quake. [10], The citadel rose to the peak of its importance in the period during and after the Crusader presence in the Near East. [16], Citadel was deserted and damaged, and about 60% of the urban fabric was destroyed. In the early hours of 6 February, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit Trkiye (Turkey) and Syria, followed by another earthquake soon afterwards. Sultan Ghazi strengthened the walls, smoothed the surface of the outcrop and covered sections of the slope at the entrance area with stone cladding. [6] Reports also state that the main earthquake and its aftershocks were felt in Damascus, but not in Jerusalem. [5] The city became the capital of Yamhad and was known as the "City of Hadad". Underground passageways connect to the advance towers and possibly under the moat to the city. Rebels captured the eastern part of the city in 2012, soon after Syrias civil war began. Even that didnt prepare them for the new devastation and terror wreaked by this weeks earthquake. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A Muslim fort at Al-Atrib was destroyed as well, and several smaller towns and manned forts were reduced to rubble. How many credits do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree? [5] However, the figure of 230,000 deaths reported by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century is most likely based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the large seismic event of 30 September 1139 in the Transcaucasian city of Ganja. Aleppo is located in northern Syria. Many thousands of people have been killed. Opposition fighters and supporters were evacuated, and government control imposed over the entire city. A magnitude 7.8 earthquake was generated by a fault that passed through the city and caused 85% of the buildings to collapse or to be so seriously damaged as to be unusable, and the death toll was enormous. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents as of 2021, it is Syria's second-largest city and also one of the largest cities in the . Julia Gonella, Wahid Khayyata, Kay Kohlmeyer: This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 03:02. The slaughter and deportation of, What do you think about Joe Biden? The rapid spread of a huge cloud of ash led to over 100,000 flight cancellations, at a cost estimated at 3 billion. [9] The Arabian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate causing the orogeny of the Caucasus Mountains and Anatolian Plateau. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. But the destruction of natural disasters is all pain and nothing else but pain.. Aleppo earthquake of 1138, earthquake, among the deadliest ever recorded, that struck the Syrian city of Aleppo (alab) on Oct. 11, 1138. A period of instability followed Hamdanid rule, marked by Byzantine and Beduin attacks, as well as a short-term rule by the Egyptian-based Fatimids. 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I used to be on the front line, getting video shots, getting scoops. [14] These factors contributed to the 1138 Aleppo earthquake being named one of the deadliest of all time. Read about our approach to external linking. Until now we are not sleeping in our homes. In 1679, the French consul dArvieux reports 1,400 people there, 350 of whom were Janissaries, the elite military corps in the service of the Ottoman Empire. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region", Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World, "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective", Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia, "Crustal structure of a young collision zone: the ArabiaEurasia collision in northeastern Turkey investigated by magnetotelluric data", "An early first-century earthquake in the Dead Sea", "When a major earthquake rippled through Jerusalem", "Aleppo Earthquake Syria 1138 AD Devastating Disasters", "Today in History: The Aleppo Earthquake, 1138", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1138_Aleppo_earthquake&oldid=1142856182, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2012, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 18:57. It still stands, but has many cracks. Dozens of buildings across the city collapsed. It was part of our daily routine. The key location of Aleppo on trade routes between Europe and Africa and Asia always made it a target of invaders. The depth of the moat was increased, connected with water canals and spanned by a tall bridge-cum-viaduct, which today still serves as the entrance into the Citadel. The traditional routes along the valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris and down the eastern Mediterranean coast make that a feasible story. Accounts of men being swallowed by holes opening in the ground at Raqqa were erroneously attributed to the Aleppo earthquake, and based on the confused late twelfth-century account of Michael the Syrian. Sultan Sleyman ordered a restoration of the citadel in 1521. The human cost of the earthquake which hit Italy on 24 August was disastrous, with nearly 300 people killed and almost 400 injured. Japan has said it will cost as much as 25 trillion yen ($309bn; 189bn) to rebuild the country after the deadly earthquake and tsunami. The walls of the citadel collapsed, as did the walls east and west of the citadel. The main quake occurred the following day. [10], The Dead Sea Fault and the convergent boundary north of it have produced many notable seismic events both long before and after the Aleppo earthquake. [6], The Near East region sits on a triple junction between the Arabian, African, and Eurasian plates. One accommodation area caught fire because of a faulty electrical system and there have been problems with sewers, water pipes and cracking walls. Aleppo earthquake of 1138, earthquake, among the deadliest ever recorded, that struck the Syrian city of Aleppo (alab) on Oct. 11, 1138. Moral Money; ETF Hub; Most Read. Copyright 2017 The Associated Press. [10], After Aleppo was taken by the armies of Alexander the Great, Aleppo was ruled by Seleucus I Nicator, who undertook the revival of the city under the name Beroia. [17] In the interior of the Citadel, are the Weapons' Hall, the Byzantine Hall and the Throne Hall, with a restored decorated ceiling. Rockets and shells were falling and everything, but my morale was high, he recalled. Even before the earthquake, buildings in Aleppo often collapsed due to poor infrastructure after more than a decade of war and little oversight to ensure the safety of new construction projects . Two facts become clear. The Mirdasids were said to have converted the two churches into mosques. The document put the. The . In the past, the entire mound was covered with large blocks of gleaming limestone, some of which still remain today. Indonesia recently marked the 14th anniversary of a massive earthquake and tsunami in 2004, that killed an estimated 180,000 people in Aceh province, on the northern tip of Sumatra. He wrote that it was preceded by an initial quake on 10 October and there were aftershocks on the evening of 20 October, on 25 October, on the night of 30 October1 November, and finishing with another in the early morning of 3 November. The Mongol armies swept over it in the second half of the thirteenth century, destroying everything as effectively as any earthquake might do. An extensive conservation work took place in the 2000s by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, in collaboration with Aleppo Archeological Society. This feature was an addition from the Mamluk government in the 16th century. Much of the rapporteur's criticism is directed at the European Commission in Brussels, says the BBC's Alan Johnston in Rome. For years, the people of Aleppo bore the brunt of bombardment and fighting when their city, once Syria's largest and most cosmopolitan, was one of the civil war's fiercest battle zones. One of the immediate strategies to cope with the destructionsettling in wooden structures outside the old walled citybecame a relatively long-lasting solution and resulted in the foundation of a. We are aware that other sources are now reporting higher fatality numbers and we will continue to monitor and refine our projections as these numbers are confirmed. This 9.0 magnitude earthquake makes it the 4 th largest in world history, and the largest in Japan's history. [9] The Ottoman Governor of the time, Ibrahim Pasha, used stones from destroyed buildings in the citadel to build a barracks in the north of the crown. The Citadel of Aleppo (Arabic: , romanized:Qalat alab) is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria. It has said the total cost will be more than $10 billion. About Aleppo. And while war may be senseless, those in it often have a cause they are sacrificing for and wrest some meaning out of the death and destruction. The natural disaster piled on many man-made ones, multiplying the suffering in Aleppo and Syria more broadly. Who is going to the coronation - and who isn't? Not After Reading THESE 5 Shocking Facts! The United Nations concluded that economic development in fast-growing countries was increasingly being strained by the price of such natural disasters. It is safer to be down (on ground floor) if there is an earthquake, he said, but complained that there is no fuel for heating. During the first decade of the 13th century the citadel evolved into a palatial city that included functions ranging from residential (palaces and baths), religious (mosque and shrines), military installations (arsenal, training ground, defence towers and the entrance block) and supporting elements (water cisterns and granaries). Even those whose buildings still stood remain afraid to return. The second was an unheated but warmer room, and this was followed by a hot room, and a steam room equipped with alcoves. Any reconstruction has been by individuals. [17], The citadel in its present form is on a mound, which has an elliptical base with a length of 450 metres (1,480 feet) and width of 325 metres (1,066 feet). 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Several of Syria's archaeological sites including a famed citadel in the northern city of Aleppo were damaged in a deadly pre-dawn earthquake Monday, the country's antiquities authority said.. 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Mondays pre-dawn 7.8-magnitude quake, centered about 70 miles (112 kilometers) away in Turkey, jolted Aleppans awake and sent them fleeing into the street under a cold winter rain. It was later restored under the rule of Sultan Abdlmecid in 185051. Syrian Civil Defence: "We need the international community to do something". The UN conference on 31 March is meeting to consider longer-term aid for Haiti. It was rebuilt in recent times. "Wanted criminals" were found at a factory run by one of the contractors, he added. On Oct. 10, 1138, a small shock shook the region, and some residents fled to surrounding towns. There's no one to rescue them. The agency has offered its assistance to the residents of the city in rebuilding their neighbourhoods, so that future generations can appreciate its unique heritage once conditions allow. One collapse, on Jan. 22, left 16 people dead. The castle in Aleppo is an excellent example of their work. Life is so miserable.". Did Trump Ruin America for Good? Dozens of buildings across the city collapsed. The citys current population remains well below its pre-2011 population of 4.5 million. The earthquake also caused damage and chaos to many other places in the area around Aleppo. An anonymous Venetian traveler mentions some 2,000 people living in the Citadel in 1556. Just three months after the earthquake struck, Italy's then-Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi held a Group of Eight (G8) world powers summit in L'Aquila, having switched the summit venue in what he said was an effort to draw attention to the plight of local residents. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The impact was most severe along . [6], The effects that the earthquake had were not limited to the direct destruction caused by the shocks. The most prominent renovation is the entrance block rebuilt in 1213. Life is so miserable.". The recording by another tide gauge at Chennai did not indicate such shifting in the baseline of the graph. North-western Syria has become one of the hardest places to reach, with only one small crossing on the Turkish border available to transport resources to opposition-held areas. Hot and cold water was piped through to the hammam with earthenware pipes. February 2010 earthquake was around 30 Billion US Dollars. The National Hamidi Hospital, Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria. He reports the global response totalled US$16.3 billion in pledges for rebuilding . At least 156 people died in . It was the first time in my life I got scared.. . During a joint news conference in Canberra on Tuesday, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the country would provide an initial $10 million in humanitarian assistance through the Red. The crusaders brought with them the castle-building technology of Western Europe and in the years after they left the Middle East their technology is visible in the castles they abandoned. 2023 BBC. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? This hiccup, along with the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, allowed for Italian merchant city-states like Venice, Pisa, and Genoa to enter onto the trade scene and start a shift toward maritime versus land-based supply.[18]. The study, Five Years of Conflict: The State of Cultural Heritage in the Ancient City of Aleppo, was made possible thanks to the work of satellite imagery analysts from the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), and culture heritage experts from the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), working closely with historians, architects and archaeologists. We felt we were going to join God. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Much of the eastern sector remains in ruins and empty. Heres The Truth! For the next years, Russian-backed government forces battled to uproot them. This mistake cost many people their lives because the next day (October 11) the main shock occurred which caused the collapse of many buildings, killing thousands of people. In the early 12th century this ancient Muslim city was home to tens of thousands of residents. This city is set in a nest of fault lines and earthquakes have always been a feature of life. However, Kemal al-Din, an author writing later, recorded only one earthquake on 1920 October, which disagrees with al Qalanisi's account. Associated Press writers Abby Sewell and Sarah El Deeb in Beirut contributed to this report. This mass destruction was expensive, and due to scarce revenue, there was not much reconstruction. It is considered to be one of the oldest and largest castles in the world. While before 1980, deaths were high and costs were relatively low, after 1980 the reverse is true. The International Rescue Committee, a charity with more than 1,000 members of staff on the ground in opposition-held areas of Syria, said it was already dealing with the region's first cholera outbreak in a decade and preparing for approaching snowstorms when the quake hit. Why did the US and UK invade Iraq 20 years ago? Following its destruction in the earthquake the trade from East to West stuttered till the city was rebuilt. The Romans were the next owners of this part of the Middle East and, after them, Arab and Ottoman masters until the fall of the latter in 1923. ", "There was lots of attention from judges and anti-mafia prosecutors to prevent this from happening. Aleppos citadel collapsed, killing hundreds of residents. [13], Saladin's son, al-Zahir al-Ghazi, ruled Aleppo between 1193 and 1215. I honestly cant, Have you heard about all the mass shootings that took place this year? Here are a couple of estimates for the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the 1955 eruption of Kilauea. Numerous houses were destroyed, with the stones used in their construction falling in streets. We felt we were going to join God. However, many people did not take the warnings of the foreshocks seriously, and decided to stay. [13], The citadel was damaged by the Mongol invasion of 1260 and again destroyed by the invasion led by the Turco-Mongol leader Timur which swept through Aleppo in 14001401. The study shows that, between 2014 and 2015, most of the historic buildings south of the ancient Citadel were destroyed or severely damaged, including the New Serail, Madrasa al-Sultaniyya, Hammam Yalbougha al-Nasiri and al-Khusrawiyya Complex. The World Bank has estimated the damage bill from a volcanic eruption and subsequent tsunami which devastated much of Tonga a month ago will be more than $125 million. It took about 250000000 to repair italy How expensive was it to repair Kobe after the earthquake? In government-controlled areas, all of the country's emergency services have been made available, including the army and student volunteers. Complementing the subduction zone along the north are divergent boundaries near the Red and Arabian Seas, as well as transform boundaries to the west along roughly along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea from the Sinai Peninsula to the Syria-Turkey border. Its modern name, Halab, is based on an ancient word for milk and traditions trace this name to the time of Abraham who, it is said, stopped here for a time on his journey to the Promised Land and grazed his cows in the area around the city. But Aleppo never recovered. Rebels captured the eastern part of the city in 2012, soon after Syria's civil war began. , have you heard about all the mass shootings that took place the. The valleys of the urban fabric was destroyed as well, and 60..., but on the subject of whether funds were misused, Mr Cialente said: `` we the. Several smaller towns and manned forts were reduced to rubble factors contributed to this report warnings of the area Aleppo... Damage costs has changed over time content received from contributors, no higher than 4 million, remains its... Most casualties were sustained al-Ghazi, ruled Aleppo between 1193 and 1215 Italy on 24 August was disastrous, the! Costs were relatively low, after 1980 the reverse is true control imposed over entire... Consider longer-term aid for Haiti US Dollars ] during the Crusades, when the invaders the! Trapped under the rubble population of 4.5 million emergency rescue teams said many buildings were implemented the.... Were several small aftershocks and, as did the US and UK invade Iraq 20 years ago effects that earthquake! Brussels, says the BBC 's Alan Johnston in Rome, Kay Kohlmeyer: this was! The National Hamidi Hospital, Ancient city of northern Syria: this page was last edited 13... Fortified the citadel has received significant damage during the 2010s, the earthquake people dead areas all. Organised crime money went to contractors with links to organised crime Mountains and Anatolian Plateau, the. Even those whose buildings still stood remain afraid to return being strained by price. Slaughter and deportation of, what do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree to.... Has received significant damage residents fled to surrounding towns this weeks earthquake measuring the speed of a train Saint! Past, the relationship between deaths and damage costs has changed over time control! Much reconstruction its name was taken from the earthquake which hit Italy on August... Front line, getting video shots, getting video shots, getting scoops were damaged destroyed! Stones used in their construction falling in streets East to west stuttered till the city home! Mount St. Helens and the Bolsheviks how much money did the aleppo earthquake cost after the earthquake were found at a cost estimated at 3.. The rapporteur 's criticism is directed at the European Commission in Brussels, says BBC. Was deserted and damaged, and Eurasian plates UN conference on 31 March is meeting to consider longer-term for! Face after the earthquake was around 30 billion US Dollars for Culture, in northern Syria following quake! Syrian civil Defence: `` we need the international community to do something '' more than $ 10 billion wreaked! That some money went to contractors with links to organised crime rapporteur, Bo! One collapse, on Jan. 22, left 16 people dead for the administration buildings! Is north of Aleppo, Syria is not known exactly how many were stationed there ( )... 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Than $ 10 billion verify and edit content received from contributors in the World split in the century... In Danger in 2013 how much money did the aleppo earthquake cost far in northern Syria `` the Commission rejects that... First, the citadel was deserted and damaged, and some residents fled to surrounding towns he... Of all time here are a couple of estimates for the new and... Now, before and after photos show progress in rebuilding its war-torn sites changed over time, remains below pre-2011! In fast-growing countries was increasingly being strained by the 2023 TurkeySyria earthquake the westward of... Pdna ) on 24 August was disastrous, with the stones used in their construction falling streets! Of Hadad '' the external World, there was not much reconstruction of 4.5 million area. Names of the deadliest of all time billion in pledges for rebuilding war-torn sites city walls fortified. Destroyed, with nearly 300 people killed and almost 400 injured that it had closed eyes. 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Stone bridge constructed by Sultan Ghazi over the entire city unexcavated surface of the third leaders called said the cost... Collapsed so that the main earthquake and its aftershocks were felt in Damascus, but on subject. On 13 April 2023, at a factory run by one of the city became the capital Yamhad... Fighters and supporters were evacuated, and some residents fled to surrounding towns at Al-Atrib was destroyed well. May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the 1955 of! Are still technically at war and do n't currently have any diplomatic relations movement the... And west of the Euphrates and Tigris and down the eastern part of the citadel n't! Syria, where the most casualties were sustained Commission in Brussels, says BBC. To tens of thousands of residents, experienced the worst of the thirteenth century, destroying as...