Embarking at Kingston, Trinidad and Bermuda. As on the Windrush many were former service personnel who had served in the RAF during World War 2. [84] This chapter in the boat's history was also commemorated, although fleetingly only, in the Pandemonium sequence of the Opening Ceremony of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in London, 27 July 2012. The ship continued to be used as a troopship after 1945. The ship we know as the Empire Windrush was built in the early 1930s and originally fitted out as a passenger liner, then converted into a cruise ship. [7] In the end, only 12 lifeboats were launched. [citation needed], The ship's designation prefix was also changed, from "MV" (Motor Vessel) to "HMT". [18] The ship made two trips from Oslo to Denmark on the 19th and the 26th of November,[19] carrying a total of 46 people. You need to sign in to tag. [81], Sidney Silverman, lawyer and Member of Parliament, represented the interests of the ship's crew, and during the proceedings tried to show that Windrush was in an unsafe state and was not fit to be at sea - one of the four men killed in the accident, Engineer Leslie Pendleton, had written several letters to his father describing the ship's poor state of repair, many breakdowns, and a previous fire. The university put on an exhibition about the project. They had been granted permission to settle in the United Kingdom under the terms of the Polish Resettlement Act 1947,[44][1][2][45][46] and the Empire Windrush had called at Tampico, Mexico to pick them up. Among the boxing hopefuls on board were Charles Smith, 21, a welder and boxer, Vernon "Boy" Solas, 18, mechanic and boxer, and boxing manager Mortimer Martin, 31, who was also a welder, captured in this photograph on arrival. [26][25][28] Despite her damage, Monte Rosa was able to reach Aarhus in Denmark on 3 April. Among them were musicians and boxers, craftsmen and clerks, all . Report of the British Consul in Algiers for the, This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 10:51. Many former servicemen took this opportunity to return to Britain with the hopes of finding better employment, including, in some cases, rejoining the RAF; others decided to make the journey just to see what the "mother country" was like. 341 individual landing cards, representing passengers who gave a London address as their intended destination in the UK, were on display (10 August - 1 November 2019). 1948 - The arrival of MV Empire Windrush. Then I notice an older image - black and white pictures of the passenger liner Empire Windrush flash on the screen. Monte Rosa was named after Monte Rosa, a mountain massif located on the Swiss-Italian border and the second-highest mountain in the Alps. But she was constructed not in one of the shipyards that then lined the Clyde and the Tyne but in Hamburg, by the German firm Blohm & Voss. Wonderful project to remind our new generation of who we are, a great asset to the UK. [27][25] One German Messerschmitt Bf 110 fighter was shot down and two 404 Squadron Beaufighters were lost; the two crew of one aircraft were killed. Holchu was later boarded by the crew of a British cargo ship, the Ranee, alerted by Windrush's warning. means Household Domestic, someone like a servant or a cleaner). At about midday, Saintes began to tow the ship to Gibraltar, at a speed of around 3.5 knots (6.5km/h), but Empire Windrush sank in the early hours of the following morning, Tuesday, 30 March 1954,[7] after having been towed a distance of only around 16 kilometres (8.6nmi). On some pages the typist failed to put a new ribbon in their typewriter when it was clearly needed! It refers to the ship MV Empire Windrush, which docked in Tilbury on 22 June 1948, bringing workers from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and other islands, to help fill post-war UK labour shortages. privacy policy, Need more context? And . Of the 46, all but two were murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp. While doing our own transcription we identified another problem, anyone relying on the details transcribed from that list onto sites like Ancestry.co.uk may be disappointed as, in many cases, where a name was hard to read, whoever did the transcription work for Ancestry simply gave up and moved onto the next legible entry. Three days before the ship arrived, Arthur Creech Jones, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, wrote a Cabinet memorandum noting that the Jamaican Government could not legally prevent people from departing, and the British government could not legally prevent them from landing. The Thames Clipper boats will dock where the MV Empire Windrush came in on 22 June 1948, allowing a generation of people to move through the Cruise Terminal on Tilbury's riverside to start a new life in the UK. They have told of the varied emotions felt on board, including anticipation, optimism, hope and regret. [32], On 16 February 1945, Monte Rosa was damaged by a mine explosion near the Hel Peninsula in the Baltic, With a flooded engine room, the ship was towed to the German-occupied Polish port of Gdynia for temporary repairs. Windrush settlers arrive in Britain, 1948 Transcript, Board of Trade 'Inwards passenger lists, 1948' Subseries within BT 26 Record Summary, Oral history of passengers on the Windrush, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMT_Empire_Windrush&oldid=1146031330, 28 March 193130 June 1931, Hamburg South America Hamburg. On leaving the ship on 22 June, the then 35-year-old began work the same day handing out rations at the shelter in Clapham where the Windrush passengers were staying. [4], Windrush carried four oil-burning four-stroke single-acting MAN diesel engines with a combined output of 6,880 horsepower (5,130kW). [4], During the 1920s, Hamburg Sd believed there would be a lucrative business in carrying German emigrants to South America (see German Argentine). We visited before it finished in February and it was an impressive display. Both the passenger list and the Lloyds Shipping Index Voyage are of the HMT Empire Windrush settlers that arrived in Britain, docking on 21 June 1948 and disembarking on 22 June. Date: 1948 Jun 21 Held by: The National Archives, Kew: Legal status: Public Record(s) Closure status: The original list is typed rather than handwritten as some were, so far so good, but unfortunately the entries are very unclear in places, so much so that some of the names are very difficult to decipher. List of passengers disembarking at London. With fire spreading rapidly, the order was given to drop the remaining boats into the sea. The ship, originally known as MV Monte Rosa, was a German cruise ship that had been used as a troop transporter during the Second World War. or a port of another insular possession, in whatsoever class they travel, MUST be fully listed and the master or commanding officer of each vessel carrying such passengers must upon arrival deliver lists thereof to the immigration officer. To access these records you will either need to visit us, pay for research() or, where you can identify a specific record reference, order a copy (). A small replica of the ship plastered with newsprint was the facsimile representation in the ceremony. ", "Windrush Generation: 'They thought we should be planting bananas', "Troopships. [48], The non-Caribbean people on the ship included serving RAF officer, Sierra Leonean John Henry Clavell Smythe, acting as a welfare-officer; he would go on to become Attorney General of Sierra Leone. Only one of these passengers was born in Barbados: Nancy Cunard, Freya Stark (Perowne) and Dr Henry Douglas Weatherhead his wife Annie and daughter Annie Pamela. [29] The pair had twice bluffed their way into the dock area by posing as electricians, then hid for three days as they waited for the ship to arrive. The ship was then towed to Copenhagen, carrying 5,000 German refugees who were fleeing from the advancing Red Army. Official Number: 181561. Many were the wives and children of servicemen in the Free Polish Forces. Which parts of the West Indies did most of these . George Isaacs, the Minister of Labour, stated in Parliament that there would be no encouragement for others to follow their example. From 21 January - 21 February 2019, more than 1000 cards went on display at Goldsmiths alongside a mid-century Caribbean front room installation curated by Goldsmiths designer and lecturer Rose Sinclair. Margaret was thrilled when she found her fathers card. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. [13], After the Nazi regime came to power in Germany in 1933, the ship was used by the party to help spread its ideology. . HMT stands for "His Majesty's Transport" and MV for "Motor Vessel". This information will help us make improvements to the website. The Germans were unwilling to risk moving the ship to a German dockyard for repair, so in October Monte Rosa was used to carry hundreds of civilian workers and engineers to Altafjord where they would repair the Tirpitz in situ. Images of the African-Caribbean passengers filing off the gangplank have become part of the country's social history. You might think that would make it pretty easy to get the basic facts about who was on board right. The funding will be available for Windrush 75 activities throughout the year, but if you want a grant specifically for Windrush Day (22 June) itself then you will need to apply by 30 March 2023. The attention given to passengers on the Windrush must have been both bewildering and reassuring. This data represents an attempt to faithfully transcribe information in the original Windrush passenger manifest. There were 684 males over the age of 12, alongside 257 females of the same age. The HMT Empire Windrush dropped anchor on the 21st June, 1948. Each country developed its own official numbering system, some on a national and some on a port-by-port basis, and the formats have sometimes changed over time. [7][Note 4] The ship was then in the western Mediterranean, off the coast of Algeria, about 30 miles (48km) north-west of Cape Caxine. The transcription work took us three months but we have been able to use the database to check at the touch of a button whether someone was on board. The order was given to wake the passengers and crew and assemble them at their emergency stations, but the ship's public address system was not working, nor were its air and steam whistles, so the order had to be transmitted by word of mouth. Passenger manifests can be useful sources of genealogical information. At 6:45am, all attempts to fight the fire were halted and the order was given to launch the lifeboats, with the first ones away carrying the women and children on board[7][74] and the ship's cat. [14], Monte Rosa ran aground off Thorshavn, Faroe Islands, on 23 July 1934,[15] but was refloated the next day. In 1954, she and her husband moved to the United States. The passengers (including one stowaway) were the first large group of West Indian immigrants to the UK after the Second World War.. He would later help found the Notting Hill Carnival and become the first black Mayor of Southwark. Adur, Arun, Blackwater, Bure, Calder, Clyde, Colne, Crouch, Dart, Dee, Derwent, Don, Chelmer, Cherwell, Dovey, Evenlode, Exe, Fal, Frome, Hamble, Humber, Kennet, Lune, Nene, Nidd, Orwell, Ouse, Otter, Ribble, Roden, Roding, Rother, Severn, Soar, Spey, Stour, Swale, Taff, Tamar, Taw, Tern, Teviot, Thames, Torridge, Trent, Tweed, Tyne, Usk, Wandle, Wansbeck, Waveney, Weaver, Welland, Wensum, Wey, Wharfe, Windrush, Witham, Wye, Yare. "They tell you it is the 'mother country', you're all welcome, you all British. UK passenger lists do not record travel within Europe unless a ship called at more than one European port before travelling further afield. [81], No firm cause for the fire was established, but it was thought the most likely cause was that corrosion in one of the ship's funnels, or uptakes, may have led to a panel failing, causing incandescently hot soot to fall into the engine room, where it damaged a fuel oil or lubricating oil supply pipe and ignited the leaking oil. [citation needed], When visiting South America, the ship was used to spread Nazi ideology among the German-speaking community there. Page from the Empire Windrush passenger lists 1948 (BT 26/237) 3. Four ships were put on standby to assist if the ship had to be abandoned. The arrival of Empire Windrush was a notable news event. In collaboration with community representatives, the term 'Windrush Generation' has been defined as the people who emigrated from the Caribbean to Britain between the arrival of the MV Empire. Our view, one that for obvious reasons we cannot prove, is that these men were among the many stowaways known to have been on the ship. According to the ship's records, most of the Windrush's passengers got on in Jamaica, but others also joined the vessel in Trinidad, Tampico and Bermuda. Others were coming to England for the first time. [34][13]Monte Rosa was renamed HMT Empire Windrush on 21 January 1947, for use on the SouthamptonGibraltarSuezAdenColomboSingaporeHong Kong route, with voyages extended to Kure in Japan after the start of the Korean War. [1], Among West Indian passengers was Sam Beaver King, who was travelling to the UK to rejoin the RAF. Look at the Ships List website for information about passenger lists to Canada, USA, Australia and even some for South Africa, as well as immigration reports and newspaper records. Successful projects can use their funding to mark Windrush Day 2021 or launch their projects on 22 June to run throughout the year, following the impact of COVID-19. Although the passengers were placed in the lifeboats, they were not launched and the ship was subsequently towed back to Gibraltar. She mentioned that she thought her uncle had also been on the Windrush and we used our own database to confirm that there were only two other men called Collins on the ship, passenger number 588, Claud, and 608, Melvin. Search and download certificates of alien arrivals (HO 2) and returns and papers (HO 3) on ancestry.co.uk (). From here, large Caribbean communities developed, contributing to the political, social and musical life of Britain ever since. The ship - which dropped anchor on 21 June and released its travellers a day later - was carrying 1,027 passengers, including two stowaways, according to BBC analysis of the ship's records kept by the National Archives. A number of them were anxious about the unfamiliar conditions . [41][42][43] However, the ship's records, kept in the United Kingdom National Archives, indicate conclusively that 802 passengers gave their last place of residence as a country in the Caribbean. In June of that year the ship arrived at Tilbury near London . Many untruths persist at various times it has been said that the passengers were all male, all Jamaican and all black. Unknown to us, at much the same time we were transcribing the list, Goldsmiths University in south London had set up a project to do exactly the same thing. [38], A commonly given figure for the number of West Indian immigrants on board the Empire Windrush is 492,[2][39][40] based understandably on news reports in the media at the time, which variously announced that "more than 400", "430" or "500" Jamaican men had arrived in Britain. Read tagging guidelines. It was a great opportunity for my parents which has benefited me and my childrens children. A military nurse was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her role in evacuating the patients under her care. Monte Rosa had the German Official Number 1640. The arrival of the ship HMT Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks in Essex in 1948, bringing 500 passengers from the Caribbean, is a moment that symbolises the start of post-war . [72][73], On board were 222 crew and 1,276 passengers, including military personnel and some women and children, dependents of some of the military personnel. Look at the Country of Last Permanent Residence column on the list. research. This is a brilliant resource for anyone with an interest in the Windrush, well done to Goldsmiths for making it available free of charge. There were 684 males over the age of 12, compared to 257 females over the age of 12. And Jamaican people are happy-go-lucky people. Your search will be made easier if you can find out: Search and download lists of passengers arriving in the UK on ships that departed from ports outside Europe and the Mediterranean, though lists include passengers who joined ships at European and Mediterranean ports en route to the UK, between 1878 and 1960 (BT 26) on the Ancestry.co.uk () website. If you provide contact details, we will be in touch about your request within 10 working days. The records can be searched by name of alien, date and port of arrival and country/place of origin. Due to the technical challenges associated with installing 1027 individual pieces, we had to devise smaller, tailored exhibitions that retained the impact of the original show. Margaret was puzzled by this as she had never known her uncle by either of those names. As with any typed list there will be cases where the typist simply made a mistake. Interestingly, we know of at least a dozen men who claim to have been on the voyage whose names do not appear on the passenger list. Passenger lists are not held by The National Archives after 1960, when air travel became more common. Late in the evening on 21 June 1948 the MV Empire Windrush sailed up the River Thames and docked at the Port of Tilbury just to the east of London. During the peak of migration, various booklets were published and sent to the Caribbean to give would-be adventurers an idea of what would be in store for them when they arrived. v3.0, the name and year of birth of the passenger. told the BBC in 1998 that the atmosphere on the ship was "jolly". [49] Another passenger was Nancy Cunard, English writer and heiress to the Cunard shipping fortune, who was on her way back from Trinidad. I have been part of a call to action for a public holiday called Windrush Day on 22 June, the anniversary of the arrival of the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks in 1948. 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