[10] According to her attorney Lennox Hinds, Shakur "understates the awfulness of the condition in which she was incarcerated", which included vaginal and anal searches. [119][122], By the time she was retried in 1977, Acoli had already been convicted of shooting and murdering Foerster. The largest arrest of members affiliated with the Black Liberation Army came much later, in 2007. [39][40] Shakur was alleged to have been directly involved with the Foster and Laurie murders, and involved tangentially with the Piagentini and Jones murders. [171] She was also transferred from the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women to a special area staffed by women guards at the Garden State Youth Correctional Facility, where she was the only female inmate,[172] for "security reasons". [149] Acoli did not testify or make any pre-trial statements, nor did he testify in his own trial or give a statement to the police. "[164] The case was delayed in being brought to trial as a result of an agreement between the governors of New York and New Jersey as to the priority of the various charges against Shakur. Three indictments were dismissed without trial. Did you shoot or assault Trooper James Harper? ". [92] Gagliardi denied requests by the jurors to pose questions to the witnesseseither directly or through himand declined to provide the jury with information they requested about how long the defense had been given to prepare, saying it was "none of their concern". [144] According to Kunstler's autobiography, the sizable contingent of New Jersey State Troopers guarding the courthouse were under strict orders from their commander, Col. Clinton Pagano, to completely shun Shakur's defense attorneys. [195][200] In 1985, her daughter, Kakuya, who had been raised by Shakur's mother in New York, came to live with her. Assata spent six and a half years in prison under brutal circumstances before escaping out of the maximum security wing of the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey in 1979 and moving to . [81] In her autobiography, Shakur recounts being beaten, choked, and kicked on the courtroom floor by five marshals, as Williams narrated the events to ensure they would appear on the court record. [117] Freeman was said to have later escaped unhurt. Assata Shakur, Assata: An Autobiography 65 likes Like "Schools in amerika are interested in brainwashing people with amerikanism, giving them a little bit of education, and training them in skills needed to fill the positions the capitalist system requires. negras y a sus lderes, Shakur pas cuatro aos en la crcel antes de su condena en 1977, sustentada en pruebas poco slidas. [57], Years later when she was living in Cuba, Shakur was asked about the BLA's alleged involvement in the killings of police officers. U.S. Government Declares $2 Million Bounty For Assata Shakur, Tupac's Godmother, Castro won't hand over killer of N.J. trooper, "Cuba still harbors one of America's most wanted fugitives. 1977) Assata Shakur was born Joanne Deborah Byron and was raised middle-class in Queens. Her trial and conviction were a result of the government conspiracy to destroy Black freedom fighters and the movement for liberation from capitalism. Assata Shakur expresses her concerns about how her fellow people have been treated in America. "Mistrial Declared in Chesimard Case as Jury Splits 11-1". Shakur converted to Catholicism as a child and attended the all-girls Cathedral High School, for six months before transferring to public high school. But one issue not raised during his visit was the fate of Assata Shakur, the legendary figure within the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army who now lives in Cuba, where she has political asylum. [15] In April 1967, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY. It really had nothing to do with me. Lichtenstein, Grace (December 11, 1973). He was sentenced to life in prison in 1974 for murdering a New Jersey state trooper. She testified that she remained there until State Troopers dragged her onto the road. In her autobiography, she wrote: "I didn't know what a fool they had made out of me until I grew up and started to read real history". According to police, Shakur knocked on the door of a guest's room, asked "Is there a party going on here? 1978). "[79] Polls of residents in Middlesex County, where Acoli had been convicted less than three years earlier,[80] showed that 83% knew Shakur's identity and 70% believed that she was guilty. (December 12, 1973). She was questioned by her own attorney, Stuart Ball, for under 40minutes, and then cross-examined by Barone for less than two hours (see the Witnesses section below). [147] Until obtaining a court order, Kunstler was forced to strip naked and undergo a body search before each visit with Shakurduring which Shakur was shackled to a bed by both ankles. Patty Hearst Vintage Original 1975 FBI Wanted Poster Symbionese Liberation Army. [63] At this trial, Harper said that Foerster reached into the vehicle, pulled out and held up a semi-automatic pistol and ammunition magazine, and said "Jim, look what I found",[63] while facing Harper at the rear of the vehicle. Exploring her well-read autobiography last year changed my life. Sundiata Acoli, 85, the oldest former member of the Black Panthers still to be incarcerated for acts of violence during the 1970s Black liberation struggle, is finally to be released from. [124] Shortly after deliberation began, the jury asked to see all the photographic exhibits taken from the surveillance footage. In 1977, she was convicted in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1973. [9] The correspondence sub-series consist of letters written to or from McCreary ranging in date from 1963-1998. . [219] In the letter, Waters explained her opposition, calling COINTELPRO "illegal, clandestine political persecution". [62] Mutulu Shakur and Marilyn Buck were convicted in 1988 of several robberies as well as the prison escape. In her autobiography, Shakur claims that she was beaten and restrained by several large female officers after refusing a medical exam from a prison doctor shortly after giving birth. [63] Questioned by prosecutor C. Judson Hamlin, Harper said he saw Foerster shot just as Assata Shakur was hit by bullets from Harper's gun. [122] The prosecution showed surveillance photos of four of the six alleged robbers, contending that one of them was Shakur wearing a wig. [67] Kunstler had previously been successful in subpoenaing Kelley and Church for the trials of American Indian Movement (AIM) members charged with murdering FBI agents. ", Waggoner, Walter H. (February 14, 1977). [89] While in the holding pen, they listened to the proceedings over loudspeakers. She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. [104], The Turnpike shootout proceedings continued with Judge John E. Bachman in Middlesex County. Kirsta, Alix (May 29, 1999), "A black and white case Investigation Joanne Chesimard". Batista, Carlos (March 18, 2002). [59][61], The stop occurred 200 yards (183m) south of what was then the Turnpike Authority administration building. Allen-Mills, Tony (May 27, 2007). [110] Neurosurgeon Dr. Arthur Turner Davidson, Associate Professor of Surgery at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, testified that the wounds in her upper arms, armpit and chest, and severed median nerve that instantly paralyzed her right arm, would only have been caused if both arms were raised, and that to sustain such injuries while crouching and firing a weapon (as described in Trooper Harper's testimony) "would be anatomically impossible". [90] Both defendants were repeatedly cited for contempt of court and eventually barred from the courtroom, where the trial continued in their absence. [227], A documentary film about Shakur, Eyes of the Rainbow, written and directed by Cuban filmmaker Gloria Rolando, appeared in 1997. [223] The New Jersey State Police and Federal Bureau of Investigation each still have an agent officially assigned to her case. . [193] In New York, three days after her escape, more than 5,000 demonstrators organized by the National Black Human Rights Coalition carried signs with the same slogan. . [59] The vehicle was "slightly" exceeding the speed limit. [76], During an interview, Assata Shakur discussed her treatment by the police and medical staff at Middlesex General Hospital. McFadden, Robert D. (February 19, 1972). Kaufman, Michael T. (February 9, 1972), "9 in Black 'Army' Are Hunted in Police Assassinations". "[44][78] It gives an account of her life beginning with her youth in the South and New York. [126] The actual transfer took place on January 29. [224] Calls for Shakur's extradition increased following Fidel Castro's transfer of presidential duties;[222] in a May 2005 television address, Castro had called Shakur a victim of racial persecution, saying "they wanted to portray her as a terrorist, something that was an injustice, a brutality, an infamous lie. She was born in 1947 in New York City, JoAnne Deborah Byron. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a former member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA), who was convicted of being an accomplice in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster. In 1979, she escaped from prison and made her way to Cuba, where she was granted political asylum and continues to live today. [212] Shakur later published an extensive criticism of the NBC segment, which inter-spliced footage of Trooper Foerster's grieving widow with an FBI photo connected to a bank robbery of which Shakur had been acquitted. [161], According to Angela Davis, neutron activation analysis that was administered after the shootout showed no gunpowder residue on Shakur's fingers and forensic analysis performed at the Trenton, New Jersey, crime lab and the FBI crime labs in Washington, D.C., did not find her fingerprints on any weapon at the scene. and convicted cop-killer Assata Shakur. [199], Shakur was in Cuba by 1984; in that year she was granted political asylum there. [3], Born in Flushing, Queens, she grew up in New York City and Wilmington, North Carolina. [237], Black NJ State Trooper Anthony Reed (who has left the force) sued the police force because, among other things, persons had hung posters of Shakur, altered to include Reed's badge number, in a Newark barracks. [96] Judge Arnold Bauman denied the application, but directed another lawyer, Howard Jacobs, to defend Shakur while Williams remained the attorney of record. [195] In July 1980, FBI director William H. Webster said that the search for Shakur had been frustrated by residents' refusal to cooperate, and a New York Times editorial opined that the department's commitment to "enforce the law with vigorbut also with sensitivity for civil rights and civil liberties" had been "clouded" by an "apparently crude sweep" through a Harlem building in search of Shakur. [189][194], For years after Shakur's escape, the movements, activities and phone calls of her friends and relativesincluding her daughter walking to school in upper Manhattanwere monitored by investigators in an attempt to ascertain her whereabouts. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied the petition and also denied Shakur an injunction against the holding of trial proceedings on Fridays. [243] In April 2017, former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick's foundation donated $25,000 to the group. campaign is coordinated by Chicago-area Black Radical Congress activists. [11] Often there were few or no other black students in her Catholic high school class. State correction officials disclosed in November 1979 that they had not run identity checks on Shakur's visitors[190] and that the three men and one woman who assisted in her escape had presented false identification to enter the prison's visitor room,[191] before which they were not searched. Cummings, Judith (October 8, 1973), "Angela Davis Asks Support for 'Political Prisoners'". [133], Shakur was identified as a political prisoner as early as October 8, 1973, by Angela Davis,[180] and in an April 3, 1977, The New York Times advertisement purchased by the Easter Coalition for Human Rights. [124] [120][121] The trial was delayed until 1976,[119] when Shakur was represented by Stanley Cohen and Evelyn Williams. [8] In 1950, Shakur's parents divorced and she moved with her grandparents to Wilmington, North Carolina. Chesimard, along with former Black Panthers turned Black Liberation Army soldiers, literally waged war against America by ambushing and murdering unsuspecting police officers who they considered to be enemy combatants. [189] Shakur has been described as a "rap music legend"[222] and a "minor cause celebre". [87] White and Rivers, although having pled guilty, had not yet been sentenced for the robbery and were promised that the charges would be dropped in exchange for their testimony. "[242], The Chicago Black activist group Assata's Daughters is named in her honor. Last week, it. [81] A contemporary New York Times editorial criticized Williams for failing to maintain courtroom "decorum," comparing her actions to William Kunstler's recent contempt conviction for his actions during the "Chicago Seven" trial. ", "Trump calls on Cuba to return U.S. fugitives, including cop-killer Chesimard", "Like Water for Chocolate: Common's Recipe for Progressive Hip-Hop", "CUNY Chief Orders Names Stripped From Student Center", "First Amendment Violation Claim Proceeds Against College Over Removed Plaque", Two Scholarships Given New Names After Controversy, Superhero Inspiration for Course on 'Black Heroes', "Common Pulled From Kean University Commencement Speech After Police Complaints", "A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement", "Activists of every stripe unite in ICE civil disobedience", "Assata Shakur birthday honored by Women's March organizers", "When the 'Resistance' Gets Reprehensible", "Six months after the Women's March on Washington, the Resistance Revival has a message for Trump", "County pays $15K to FBI fugitive, part of Freeman Park land deal", The Cointelpro papers: documents from the FBI's secret wars against dissent in the United States, "New Most Wanted Terrorist Joanne Chesimard; First Woman Added to List," May 2, 2013, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Assata Shakur Speaks website in support of Shakur, "The Story of Joanne Chesimard," May 2003 editorial, NJLawman.com. [159] Prosecutor Barone questioned whether Davidson was qualified to make such a judgment 39months after the injury; Barone proceeded to suggest (while a female Sheriff's attendant acted out his suggestion) that Shakur was struck in the right arm and collar bone and "then spun around by the impact of the bullet so an immediate second shot entered the fleshy part of her upper left arm" to which Davidson replied "Impossible. [58][68][69] Zayd Shakur's body was found in a nearby gully along the road. A book in the vehicle was said to contain a list of potential BLA targets. Shakur is the step-aunt of Tupac Shakur . [128][160], Judge Appleby eventually cut off funds for any further expert defense testimony. [105] New Jersey Superior Court Judge Leon Gerofsky ordered a change of venue in 1973 from Middlesex to Morris County, New Jersey, saying "it was almost impossible to obtain a jury here comprising people willing to accept the responsibility of impartiality so that defendants will be protected from transitory passion and prejudice. [11][23] Assata is a West African name, derived from the Arabic name Aisha, said to mean "she who struggles", while Shakur means "thankful one" in Arabic. [62][133] During the trial, hundreds of civil rights campaigners demonstrated outside of the Middlesex County courthouse each day. Hanley, Robert (November 6, 1979). My name is Assata . Olugbala means "savior" in Yoruba. On Friday (Jan. 1), the FBI made a renewed call for tips in their search for Assata Shakur, . Between 1971 and 1973, she was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt. [62][12], On March 24, the jurors listened for 45minutes to a rereading of testimony of the State Police chemist regarding the blood found at the scene, on the LeMans, and Shakur's clothing. She escaped prison and fled . [97] After the selection of twelve jurors (60 were excused), Williams was allowed to retire from the case, with Shakur officially representing herself, assisted by lawyer Florynce Kennedy. Tupac's aunt is Assata Shakur, the political activist and former Black Liberation Army member who escaped prison and fled to Cuba after she was convicted for the 1977 murder of a New. that somewhere in your heart you have love for me. [127] She was the only one of the six suspects in the robbery to be brought to trial. Sterling, Guy, and Forero, Juan (May 7, 1998), "On the lam, Chesimard is hardly on her own". [115] Shakur and co-defendant Ronald Myers were accused of entering the bar with pistols and shotguns, taking $50 from the register, kidnapping the bartender, leaving a note demanding a $20,000 ransom from the bar owner, and fleeing in a rented truck. "[159], Dr. David Spain, a pathologist from Brookdale Community College, testified that her bullet scars as well as X-rays supported her claim that her arms were raised, and that there was "no conceivable way" the first bullet could have hit Shakur's clavicle if her arm was down. [2] Acoli was granted parole in 2022 at the age of 85. "Going Back to Class? Assata Shakur was a member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) which operated as an underground militant revolutionary organization in the U.S. throughout the 1970s. Perlmutter, Emanuel (January 29, 1973), "Extra Duty Tours For Police Set Up After 2D Ambush", According to Churchill and Vander Wall (2002): "What had emerged in the 1980s was a formal amalgamation of FBI COINTELPRO specialists and New York City red squad detectives known as the Joint Terrorist Task Force (JTTF), consolidating the more, Sullivan, Joseph F. (May 3 or 4th, 1973). Montgomery, Paul L. (February 20, 1972), "3D Suspect Linked To Police Slayings". [111] On March 5, 1974, two new defendants (Jeannette Jefferson and Robert Hayes) were named in an indictment involving the same charges. Shakur still frequently visited her grandparents in the south. But first, we want to find out more about a woman named Joanne Deborah Chesimard, aka Assata Shakur. During a confrontation, a shootout ensued, killing Foerster and one of the passengers in the car. Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, the attempted murder of two Queens police officers stemming from a January 23, 1973, failed ambush, and eight other felonies related to the Turnpike shootout. [94] This trial resulted in a hung jury and then a mistrial, when the jury reported to Gagliardi that they were hopelessly deadlocked for the fourth time. Being an active member in the black libertarian army allowed Assata Shakur to have a powerful . [48], On April 16, 1981, Shakur was allegedly in the back seat of a van connected with a burglary. Numerous musicians have composed and recorded songs about her or dedicated to her: Digable Planets, The Underachievers and X-Clan have also recorded songs about Shakur. Following her parents' divorce, Byron spent much of her childhood moving between her grandparents and other family in Wilmington, North Carolina, and New York City, where her . The official BLM statement points out that the Cuban government has acted in solidarity with historically oppressed Black people, including offering political asylum to the American Assata Shakur . An activist in black radical groups such as the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army, Shakur was convicted of murdering a New Jersey state trooper in 1977, but supporters helped her escape prison and take refuge in Cuba. Assata Shakur has been living in Cuba since 1986, after escaping from prison where she was serving a life sentence imposed in a highly disputed trial. & the Militant". [62] Judge Appleby also refused to investigate a burglary of her defense counsel's office that resulted in the disappearance of trial documents,[135] amounting to half of the legal papers related to her case. [205] The book does not give a detailed account of her involvement in the BLA or the events on the New Jersey Turnpike, except to say that the jury "[c]onvicted a woman with her hands up! As long as we expect amerika's schools to educate us, we will remain ignorant." [37], In 1972, Shakur became the subject of a nationwide manhunt after the FBI alleged that she led a Black Liberation Army cell that had conducted a "series of cold-blooded murders of New York City police officers". [240], In 2015, New Jersey's Kean University dropped hip-hop artist Common as a commencement speaker because of police complaints. They have called us gangsters and gun molls and have compared us to such Parry, Wayne (May 24, 2005), "NY councilman plans rally against Chesimard bounty". [27], Following an August 23, 1971, bank robbery in Queens, Shakur was sought for questioning. On May 2 1973, Black Panther activist Assata Shakur (fsn) Joanne Deborah Chesimard, was pulled over by the New Jersey State Police, shot twice and then charged with murder of a police officer. Her other texts in the book are a July 4, 1973, speech ("To My People"), which was broadcast on many radio stations, an exposition on the theory of "armed revolutionary struggle", and many poems. Assata Shakur, whose real name is Joanne Chesimard, is a Black Panther activist, a member of the left-wing Black Liberation Army, who was convicted of murder in 1977. [134] The Roots TV miniseries adapted from the book and shown shortly before the trial was believed to have evoked feelings of "guilt and sympathy" with many white viewers. [83] In protest, the lawyers stayed mute, and Shakur and Sadiki conducted their own defense. [149], A total of 408 potential jurors were questioned during the voir dire, which concluded on February 14. She said that her aunt was "very sophisticated and knew all kinds of things. Tools Sundiata Acoli (born January 14, 1937, [1] as Clark Edward Squire) is an American political activist who was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. Quick Reference. [63][b] Trooper Harper asked the driver for identification, noticed a discrepancy, asked him to get out of the car, and questioned him at the rear of the vehicle.[58]. [64], Shakur was convicted on all eight counts: two murder charges, and six assault charges. 218 Assata Shakur to paint the Black Liberation Army as vicious, brutal, mad dog criminals. Janson, Donald (February 19, 1977). They "attempted to tie Assata to every suspected action of the BLA involving a woman". [58] Acoli was captured after a 36-hour manhuntinvolving 400 people, state police helicopters, and bloodhounds. Assata Shakur. [36] Based on FBI photographs, Monsignor John Powis alleged that Shakur was involved in an armed robbery at Our Lady of the Presentation Church in Brownsville, Brooklyn, on September 14, 1972. Joanne Chesimard, a member of the Black Liberation Army also known as Assata Shakur . [125], Shakur was acquitted after seven hours of jury deliberation on January 16, 1976,[122] and was immediately remanded back to New Jersey for the Turnpike trial. "Squires Jurors Hear Chase Tape". In 2005, SUNY Press released The New Abolitionists (Neo)Slave Narratives and Contemporary Prison Writings, edited and with an added introduction by Joy James, in which Shakur's Women in Prison: How We Are 1978 is featured. "Mrs. Chesimard Bids U.S. Court Bar Trial Sessions on Her Sabbath". There were people [in the BLA] who absolutely took the position that it was just time to resist, and if black people didn't start to fight back against police brutality and didn't start to wage armed resistance, we would be annihilated. [219], On May 2, 2005, the 32nd anniversary of the Turnpike shootings, the FBI classified her as a domestic terrorist, increasing the reward for assistance in her capture to $1million,[193][220] the largest reward placed on an individual in the history of New Jersey. One officer said that they had created a "myth" to "demonize" Shakur because she was "educated", "young and pretty". [52] After her capture, however, Shakur was not charged with any of the crimes for which she was purportedly the subject of the manhunt. If one were to examine, closely, the hegemonic discourses of black American history, one would be surprised to . I have spent many days and nights behind bars thinking about this trial, this outrage. Assata Olugbala Shakur (born JoAnne Deborah Byron; July 16, 1947; [a]) is an American political activist who was a member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA). [63] In his opening statement to a jury, Hamlin said that Acoli shot Foerster with a .38 caliber semiautomatic pistol and used Foerster's own gun to "execute him". Assata Shakur: from civil rights activist to FBI's most-wanted A leading figure in the 70s Black Liberation Army, Shakur was given life for murder in 1977. Johnston, Richard J. She often ran away, staying with strangers and working for short periods of time, until she was taken in by her mother's sister Evelyn A. Williams, a civil rights worker who lived in Manhattan. Assata Shakur, or JoAnne Chesimard as the media and authorities continued to call her, was acknowledged to be the soul of the BLA. [184], In early 1979, "the Family", a group of BLA members, began to plan Shakur's escape from prison. [58] At Acoli's trial, Harper testified that the gunfight started "seconds" after Foerster arrived at the scene. Thomas "Blood" McCreary, a member of the BLA, is the largest series in the Black Liberation Army archive. Black brothers, black sisters, I want you to know that I love you and I hope . [176] At Alderson, Shakur was housed in the Maximum Security Unit, which also contained several members of the Aryan Sisterhood as well as Sandra Good and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, followers of Charles Manson. (May 3, 1973), "2 Die in Shootout; Militant Seized". Smothers, Ronald (October 24, 1973), "Chesimard Case Gets A Jury Shift". Following her parents' divorce in 1950, she moved with her mother and maternal grandparents to Wilmington, North Carolina. The Reemergence of Class in Critical Race Theory Symposium: Essay: Accumulation". "The Soul Survivor; Assata Shakur on the Making of a Radical". [230], On December 12, 2006, the Chancellor of the City University of New York, Matthew Goldstein, directed City College's president, Gregory H. Williams, to remove the "unauthorized and inappropriate" designation of the "Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center," which was named by students in 1989. Shakur challenges traditional styles of literary autobiography and offers a perspective on her life that is not easily accessible to the public. Assata Olugbala Shakur is best known for her civil rights activism in the Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army. [70], With gunshot wounds in both arms and a shoulder, Assata Shakur was moved to Middlesex General Hospital under "heavy guard" and was reported to be in "serious condition". Inadmissible Evidence: The Story of the African-American Trial Lawyer Who Defended the Black Liberation Army: Williams, Evelyn: 9780595141708: Amazon.com: Books Books Biographies & Memoirs Community & Culture Buy new: $13.40 List Price: $15.95 Details Save: $2.55 (16%) Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns [196] In particular, one pre-dawn April 20, 1980, raid on 92Morningside Avenue, during which FBI agents armed with shotguns and machine guns broke down doors and searched through the building for several hours while preventing residents from leaving, was seen by residents as having "racist overtones". She said that the second shot hit her in the back as she turned to avoid it, and that she fell onto the road for the duration of the gunfight before crawling back into the backseat of the Pontiacwhich Acoli drove 5 miles (8km) down the road and parked. "[123], In an open letter to Castro, chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Representative Maxine Waters of California later explained that many members of the Caucus (including herself) were against Shakur's extradition but had mistakenly voted for the bill, which was placed on the accelerated suspension calendar, generally reserved for non-controversial legislation. [38][54], Shakur and others[38][54][55] claim that she was targeted by the FBI's COINTELPRO as a result of her involvement with the black liberation organizations. He felt it was intended to insult him, as she had killed an officer, and was "racist in nature". "2d Jury Here Begins Weighing Chesimard Bank-Robbery Case". [248], "Assata" redirects here. [231] CUNY was sued by student and alumni groups after removing the plaque. Assata Shakur, Joanne Byron, Barbara Odoms, Joanne Chesterman, Joan Davis, Justine Henderson, Mary Davis, Pat Chesimard, Jo-Ann Chesimard, . At the rally, a statement from Shakur was circulated condemning U.S. prison conditions and calling for an independent "New Afrikan" state. Pace, Eric (December 27, 1971). Black and white Case Investigation Joanne Chesimard '' dropped hip-hop artist Common as ``... Speed limit a woman named Joanne Deborah Byron and was raised middle-class in Queens Shakur expresses concerns... City, Joanne Deborah Byron and was raised middle-class in Queens, she grew up in New York,... Rap music legend '' [ 222 ] and a `` rap music legend '' [ ]. 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